On Holy Tuesday evening, the matins of Holy Wednesday are chanted in the Holy Orthodox Churches. The last hymn of the evening is that of the pious and learned poetess of Byzantium, Cassiani.
The Byzantine historian Symeon Magistros (990 AD) wrote that Euphrosyne, the mother of Emperor Theophilos and daughter of Constantine VI, in her attempt to marry her son off in the year 830 AD, organized a large gathering of the most beautiful girls of the Empire in the magnificent hall Trikli of the palace of Constantinople. The event was attended by the most “beautiful virgins” of the Empire. When they lined up, sitting on luxurious couches, the emperor Theophilos came before them to choose his future wife and empress, by giving to the girl of his choice a golden apple.
The most beautiful was Cassiani, whose beauty dazzled the young Theophilos and he was about to give her the apple, a symbol of his favor. However, wanting to find out if her intelligence was commensurate with her beauty, he said to her: “«Ως άρα δια γυναικός ερρύη τα φαύλα“, meaning, “Corruption came from a woman” (Eve). Cassiani, however, was not surprised and, wanting to show her wit, replied: “Αλλά και δια γυναικός πηγάζει τα κρείττονα” (“And from the woman come the best, the noblest”), implying the Virgin Mary, who brought intto the world the greatest good, Christ.
However, this really smart answer was characterized by Theophilos as containing some pretense and superficiality, so he gave the apple to the also beautiful, but modest Theodora.
Cassiani was disappointed by her failure and decided to withdraw from the world and become a nun. She built a monastery with her own money, which later took her name, dressed in the monastic habit and dedicated herself to the worship of Christ and poetry, thus combining her deep piety and inclination to writing. It is even said that after her failure she would utter: “Because I did not become the queen of this temporary world, I will become a citizen of the eternal Kingdom of Christ”.
There, in the monastery, her innate artistic talent and her deep religious feeling were manifested, composing church hymns, troparia, idiomela. There, in the quiet and evocative atmosphere of the monastery, she composed the famous “Troparion of Cassiani” which was later established by the Orthodox Church as the Doxastic of the Apostlicha of the Orthros of Holy Wednesday.
It seems clear that Cassiani was inspired in writing this troparion from the words of the Evangelists, who do not refer to Mary Magdalene, as many believe, but to the anonymous sinful woman, the adulteress, whom Christ saved from certain stoning by the enraged crowd of her moral transgression, with those words of His: “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her”. And when Jesus later found himself in the house of Simon the Pharisee the leper, the sinful woman felt the need to go and express her gratitude and devotion to Christ the Savior. She bought perfumes, dressed humbly and modestly and humiliated and crushed, with tears in her eyes, came and washed Jesus’ feet and wiped them with her unkempt hair. Her tears were tears of mercy and compunction and she wept passionately to the merciful God of love and forgiveness.
The above incident is reported by three of the four Evangelists.
Luke (7:37-38) writes: “
37 And, behold, a woman in the city, which was a sinner, when she knew that Jesus sat at meat in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster box of ointment, 38 And stood at his feet behind him weeping, and began to wash his feet with tears, and did wipe them with the hairs of her head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment.”
Matthew (26:6-7): “
6 Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, 7 There came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat.”
And Mark (14:3) says: “3 And being in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat at meat, there came a woman having an alabaster box of ointment of spikenard very precious; and she brake the box, and poured it on his head.”
Cassiani’s wounded and aching heart could not help but be touched by the sincerity of that sinful woman. She expresses this in her masterpiece troparion, which bears her name, with lyrical exuberance suggesting the vibrations of her own soul.